The analysis looks at 16 countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Türkiye, and the United Kingdom. 

Drawing on literature review, policy analysis, and expert interviews across all 16 countries, the report finds that patients wait an average of five years or more for a confirmed diagnosis, that reimbursement frameworks built for common illness routinely disadvantage both rare disease patients and older patients, and that most national strategies remain underfunded or inconsistently implemented. The report outlines seven priorities for national action: strengthening governance, expanding early detection, building workforce and care infrastructure, strengthening innovation incentives, modernizing reimbursement and access, supporting patients and caregivers, and deepening international collaboration. 

This report was funded by Biogen.