This January 2019 report, by GCOA Advisory Council member Nicholas Eberstadt, examines China’s demographic profile over the next 20 years. According to Eberstadt’s study, China is set to experience an extraordinarily rapid surge of population aging, with especially explosive population growth for those 65 and older, even as its working-age population, conventionally defined as 15-64, progressively shrinks. These changes – and how China adapts to them – will have enormous implications for its economy and society.