Released amid increasing recognition of the threat posed by the “silent pandemic” of antimicrobial resistance at the highest levels of government, most recently at the G7 Summit in Cornwall, the report identifies a broad failure to match public promises with the concrete actions needed to avert the growing crisis. The index assessed the 11 largest global economies: Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). The report also offers case studies from Australia, Kenya, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Sweden. The UK and US topped the Index list.

Critical opportunities for government action identified in the Index include to:

• Strengthen and fully implement national AMR strategies
• Raise awareness of AMR and its consequences, while targeting prevention opportunities
• Bolster surveillance and leverage data across AMR efforts
• Enable a restructured antimicrobial marketplace to stimulate innovation
• Promote responsible and appropriate use of antibiotics
• Enable reliable and consistent access to needed and novel antimicrobials
• More effectively integrate the One Health approach, including environmental considerations arising from human, veterinary, and agricultural use of antibiotics, into national strategies
• Better engage with other governments, third-party organizations, and advocacy groups